Is Tranexamic Acid Worth The Hype?
A synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine, this chemical is typically used to help treat heavy menstrual bleeding in women.
Depending on intended use and results, it can be taken orally, injected into the lower skin layers [the dermis] or applied topically in the form of a cream or serum to help treat pigmentation disorders such as melasma and hyperpigmentation.
Tranexamic acid can alter the way cells produce melanin – melanin being the pigment that gives skin its colour.
The result is an interruption to the pathways that could otherwise lead to an uneven skin tone.
Most of the evidence supporting the use of tranexamic acid in skincare products is regarding a reduction in dark spots and discolouration.
In fact, in one study, it was found to have comparable results with hydroquinone but the participants who used tranexamic acid for 12 weeks reported higher satisfaction with their treatment, due to fewer side effects like skin irritation.
There was also a study where people who applied a 3% tranexamic acid treatment to their skin for 2 weeks showed fewer visible signs of rosacea than those who hadn't been using this treatment.
Researchers from this study believe that the reduction in rosacea intensity is due to its action on blood vessels and a positive impact on skin barrier function.
Unlike the evidence for tranexamic acid in pigmentation disorders, however, there have not been a lot of additional studies supporting its positive impact on the skin barrier's function.
This ingredient is safe for all skin types however those with eczema or established hypersensitivity to actives should make sure to patch test or start slowly with this ingredient.
Common side effects include dryness, irritation and flaking with severe side effects being persistent skin discolouration, itching and swelling or hives.
